On optimality in intergenerational risk sharing

Summary. This paper defines and studies optimality in a dynamic stochastic economy with finitely lived agents, and investigates the optimality properties of an equilibrium with or without sequentially complete markets. Various Pareto optimality concepts are considered, including interim and ex ante optimality. We show that, at an equilibrium with a productive asset (land) and sequentially complete markets, the intervention of a government may be justified, but only to improve risk sharing between generations. If markets are incomplete, constrained interim optimality is investigated in two-period lived OLG economies. We extend the optimality properties of an equilibrium with land and give conditions under which introducing a pay-as-you-go system at an equilibrium would not lead to any Pareto improvement. Received: October 5, 1998; revised version: April 3, 2001     

收购兼并在上市公司发展战略中的地位和实施策略

本文主要阐述了以下三个方面的问题：（1）公司为何及时从事购并交易；（2）如何使购并活动获得成功；（3）制定中国进行购并行动的战略。     

基于延迟自相关特性的码速率测量技术

通信信号的识别与解调是通信侦察的重要研究内容，在通常情况下，通信信号的很多参数并不知道。本文介绍了一种基于通信信号码延迟自相关特性的码速率测量技术，并给出了码速率测量理论分析及基于硬件的实现技术，仿真和实验结果表明本方案具有较高的测量性能。     

关于健全独立董事制度的若干思考

入世给我国中小企业的发展带来了机遇与挑战。培育核心竞争力是其抓住机遇 ,应对挑战 ,走向成功的关键所在。文章在分析了我国中小企业面临困境的基础上 ,提出了培育我国中小企业核心竞争力 ,促进我国中小企业发展的方法和措施。     

战后日本经济发展中积极财政政策的研究

战后，在实现经济恢复和高速发展过程中，日本政府高度重视财政政策的宏观调控作用，在运用财政政策调节经济方面开辟了一条符合本国国情、突出本国特点的路子．对日本战后积极财政政策进行分析和评价，对我国经济发展具有重要的参考借鉴意义。     

The “swing of the pendulum” from public to market support for science and technology: Is the U.S. leading the way?

The structure and financing of science and technology activities are undergoing a slow, but profound, change. This change can be briefly characterized as a shift from relying and supporting public science to a stronger emphasis on “market-based” incentives for science and technology. In this paper we analyze this shift in a historical perspective, discussing both the theoretical explanations and the empirical trends of the ongoing change. While we do not claim to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive identification of the causes of this shift, we argue that it is largely driven by the perception of a shift of the U.S. policy towards market-based, rather than publicly supported, incentives for science and technology. This, in turn—given the strong economic performance of the United States over the 1990s—has influenced policies in most OECD countries, especially in Europe.We conclude by analyzing the evolution of research in U.S. higher education and find two major trends: an increasing diversity in the number of institutions of different types other than universities and a steady and continuous public funding of the leading U.S. universities. This has allowed the construction of an infrastructure now used largely by the private sector, but it also noted that the United States has not compromised public support for core areas or in those fields in which there is a clear perception that market incentives are not sufficient for meeting the strategic targets of the U.S. policy. The implication is that there is a considerable policy diversity in the U.S. practice and that all aspects of this diversity should be considered when using the United States as a reference.     

鸡蛋壳制备乙酸钙冰雪融化剂的研究

以鸡蛋壳为原料,对高温煅烧分解蛋壳、中和法制备乙酸钙(CA)的最佳反应条件进行了研究,试验结果表明:在所选参数下,其产量最大.即反应温度为50℃,配料摩尔比为CaO:HAc=1:2.8,乙酸浓度为15 mol/L,石灰乳浓度(以氧化钙计)为1.3 mol/L.产品融冰试验表明:CA在环境温度为-10℃以上使用时,其融冰效果较好.     

我国小城镇餐饮业的发展状况与对策

我国小城镇餐饮业在近年来发展速度非常快,无论是数量、规模和经济效益上都比较明显,但是在发展过程中也存在一些问题。本文阐述了我国小城镇餐饮业发展现状、特点以及发展过程中存在的问题,并对我国小城镇餐饮产业的战略性发展提出了对策建议。     

统筹城乡发展与经济发展互动关系研究——以福建省为例

在指出福建省统筹城乡发展过程中存在城乡收入差距拉大、城乡消费水平不断拉大、城乡公共品供给差距显著、城乡产业发展不协调等问题的基础上,运用主成份分析方法、相关分析法和GRANGE因果分析法进行实证分析,论证了经济发展与统筹城乡发展的关系。结果表明:福建省的经济发展与统筹城乡的相关性较大,而且两者之间存在着一种单向的因果关系,城乡统筹发展会促进社会经济的发展,而经济社会的发展又会带动农村的发展,但经济发展不会自动缩小城乡差距,需要政府的作为。